概括地說，雄激素助長蛋白質的合成及擁有雄激素受體的組織的生長，睪酮的效用可以分為合成代謝及雄性化效應。合成代謝效應包括肌肉質量及力量的增長、增加骨質密度及強度、刺激線性生長及骨骼成熟等。雄性化效應則包括性器官的成熟（尤其是陰莖及胎兒陰囊的生成）、出生後（通常是在青春期）聲線的轉沉、鬍鬚及體毛的生長等。這些效應一般都是男性的第二性徵。

Testosterone may be a cure for postmenopausal Ladies provided that These are effectively estrogenized.[eighty]

Decrease of testosterone output with age has resulted in fascination in androgen substitute therapy.[55] It is unclear if the use of testosterone for lower levels resulting from getting older is helpful or unsafe.[fifty six]

利用睪酮的男性化作用，跨性别男性（即由女性經由變性成為男性）會以睪酮作為替代，以維持至一般正常男性的睪酮水平。同樣地，跨性别女性會使用藥物抑制睪酮的生成，以讓雌激素發揮效用。

It’s not likely — and challenging to explain to — that an Grownup assigned male at delivery has higher-than-standard levels of testosterone.

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與其他類固醇激素一樣，睪酮是由膽固醇所衍生的。男性睪丸可以產生大量睪酮，女性卵巢、胎盤及男性或女性的腎上腺網狀帶亦會分泌少量的睾酮。

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Testosterone effects can be categorised by the age of common incidence. For postnatal consequences in each males and females, they're largely dependent on the degrees and length of circulating Learn more cost-free testosterone.[twenty]

成年男子不論服用或施打多少睪酮都無法再次促使陰莖的成長與發育（相反的，錯誤的使用激素，將可能造成體內原生激素紊亂，將無法自行生成使睪丸及陰莖萎縮，衍生出其他生殖系統疾病）

睪酮芳構化成雌二醇會對腦及骨這兩個人體重要的組織構成主要的影響。在骨中，雌二醇加速了軟骨成長為骨的過程，使骨端接合及完成生長的程序。在中樞神經中，雌二醇是給予下視丘的主要迴饋訊號，尤其在影響排卵素的分泌。在很多哺乳動物的腦部中，某些性別差異區域在出生前或產期的雄性化，都是受著睪酮所產生的雌二醇影響，決定將來的雄性性行為。

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Dihydrotestosterone is chargeable for sperm maturation all through spermatogenesis, for your development in the prostate gland and exterior genitalia, and for sexual maturation at puberty.

The relationship concerning testosterone and aggression might also operate indirectly, as it's been proposed that testosterone would not amplify tendencies towards aggression, but fairly amplifies regardless of what tendencies enables somebody to maintain social status when challenged. In most animals, aggression may be the signifies of retaining social standing. On the other hand, human beings have several means of getting position. This may clarify why some experiments look for a backlink concerning testosterone and Professional-social behaviour, if pro-social conduct is rewarded with social position. Consequently the connection involving testosterone and aggression and violence is because of these being rewarded with social standing.[128] The relationship might also be certainly one of a "permissive effect" whereby testosterone does elevate aggression levels, but only during the feeling of enabling common aggression levels to become taken care of; chemically or bodily castrating the individual will decrease aggression ranges (although not eliminate them) but the person only requirements a little-degree of pre-castration testosterone to have aggression degrees to return to typical, which they will remain at although further testosterone is included.